The piloted flight to the Mars will
be probably made far in the future, but enthusiasts face remote
future and resolve how to adapt this planet to comfortable
habitation of a human. It is predicted that the Mars will probably
change already in some decades after the first human visiting.
I don’t wish engaging in
controversy against anybody about this topic, considering there
should exist different points of view on such important issue
as the colonization of planets, I would like to express my opinion
on the methods of the Mars’s exploration. I also share the opinion,
that not to allow doing irreversible harm it will be hardly right to
change other worlds as you wish, if you don’t have sufficient
experience in saving your own environment.
The piloted flight to the Mars will
be probably made far in the future, but enthusiasts face remote
future and resolve how to adapt this planet to comfortable
habitation of a human. It is predicted that the Mars will probably
change already in some decades after the first human visiting.
I don’t wish engaging in
controversy against anybody about this topic, considering there
should exist different points of view on such important issue
as the colonization of planets, I would like to express my opinion
on the methods of the Mars’s exploration. I also share the opinion,
that not to allow doing irreversible harm it will be hardly right to
change other worlds as you wish, if you don’t have sufficient
experience in saving your own environment.
The line of the quotation reads as
follows: “Such warming would cause the occurrence of a great deal of
carbonic acid gas, which is greenhouse gas and could warm this
planet in the future”. Taking into account that the level of
carbonic acid gas in the Mars’s atmosphere is already more than 95
%, it becomes clear that it is dealing with the increasing of
atmospheric pressure because of the evaporation of polar caps. As
the gravitational field of the Mars cannot hold more compact
atmosphere than existing one, its atmosphere can disappear in the
environment. It turns out, that it’s a closed process. If substance
disappears, weight shrinks. If weight shrinks, disappearance of
substance is occurring more quickly. The planet cannot turn into
nothing, but a great part of that, what was preserved as permafrost
and polar caps, can simply evaporate in some centuries. Everything
will depend on the intensity of our activities. In fact our
civilization has exists on the Earth for about five millenia, and
how long our descendants will still exist, the heavens only knows. I
think, it is at least senseless to spray substance in space which we
are not capable to use effectively now.
Here is the next topic. The banal
question whether there is life on the Mars, has not been answered
yet. I am not sure but we are mistaken that we try to find the life
on the Mars which is similar to the Earth’s life: bacteria,
waterweeds etc.
It can be something, what is carbon
and organic, reproduces itself, lives on something and secretes
something during its vital activity. Let’s imagine, if life exists
on the Mars, it is not less unique, than the earth’s life and is
perfectly adapted to existing conditions. Living beings may be
adapted worse, we will not find out it in time. The life exists, but
we don’t now its occurrence , or it does not exist, but there are
intelligent beings, unalive intelligent creatures, perceiving itself,
although it’s still unlikely. I understand that I’ve exaggerated,
but it is acceptable in our club, in fact there are man-made
computers on the Earth, and we are speaking about actually not
studied world.
How will these potential creatures
respond to the change of temperature, pressure, oxygen and other
pollution?
If we (I mean the mankind) as used
to say in the USSR, aspire to gain the space by the way, we should
not spend money on the factories of methane production and wait for
warming for a long time. It is possible to evaporate cheaply enough
and quickly ice caps of the Mars by bombing them with already
available thermonuclear charges, although it would be better to do
this with helium shells, which don’t exist now. Thus it will
probably be possible to walk on the Mars in oxygen masks for a time
and with Geiger-Mueller counter during several first years (revise
“Total Recall“).
We can specify the ways of creation
of living environment on the Mars’s and all the possible
consequences of not considered actions, but professional ecologists
can do it better, although it is quite evident, that the problem
already exists and it should be solved.
I also have decided to share with
some ideas concerning this topic.
The answer of the question, what we
should do for that our stay on the Mars will be environmentally
safe, is simple, we should not pollute it.
It is also clear, that the main
pollution agent on the Mars will be none other than people and their
life-support systems.
Therefore the following issue
arises. Is there a need to hasten the exploration of the Mars? (I
mean a flight of a man to the Mars and landing it). Taking into
account that the majority of accidents occurs right during starting
and landing of spacecrafts, I think, there is no necessity to risk
the life of a man in spite of political advantages of this action,
which a nation or a state could gain.
I am sure the Mars’s exploration
should start with the setting up an orbital station with people on
the Mars for a long period. At the first only robots should land the
Mars. During several first years of in-depth study of the Mars
robots generally should land it. Too much additional equipment and
material are required to provide necessary conditions for life of
any Earth’s being on a lifeless planet.
When mineral resources aren’t
explored, the planet landing of a man is waste of money. Using of
robots is another matter, they are capable to bear multiple
overloads, testing safety of the shuttles to the Mars in a mode of
economic landing. They have sufficient intelligence and are
controlled on-line from an orbit.
They will conduct geological survey, build flight strips and roads,
gain oxygen and
water for orbital station.
If the answer of the
question, whether we are necessary there, is positive, they will
construct hermetical working and
accommodation premises with life-support systems from the
delivered blocks.
The station, which detailed
exploration of the Mars will be carried out at this time on,
will be supplied with a system of artificial gravity of
centrifugal mode. The start mode of a carrier is described in
the previous article “What can one fly in the solar system by?”
http://clubideas.ru/space flights/space flights.htm
In this article I would like to
touches in greater detail upon shuttles, namely jet engines and
parachute braking system, what they should be to minimize the
impact on environment.
Even in the deepest hollows of
the Mars where the pressure of atmosphere is the highest, it is
less approximately 100 times, than near the Earth’s surface.
On the Earth such pressure is at
height of over 30 000 meters above sea level.
None of high-altitude airplanes
as SR-71 “BlackBird”, М-55 “Geofizika”, “Lockheed U-2” flies so
high and those, which fly above 26500 meters, I cannot call
airplanes. You should be a true optimist as our animation
artist, which represented the movements of a shuttle, designed
for the flights to the Mars (watch the video). However a railway
car can hypothetically be placed in the Earth’s orbit if a
launcher has sufficient capacity by the way in the horizontal
position and without shrouds. We only have deal with the Mars
where gravitational acceleration on the planet surface is g =
3,72 m/c2 in all. It is almost three times less than on the
Earth.
Thus it is possible to fly above
the Mars’s surface, but rather low and at high speed to achieve
a high level of lifting power. It makes an advantage that low
atmospheric density means low aerodynamic load. The most
important is that it isn’t necessary to speed up a spacecraft to
the first space velocity on the Mars for its placement on the
orbit.
Now let’s come back to shuttles.
Here is the information, which I found in a polytechnic
dictionary.
Space aircraft is
a kind of the piloted jet aircraft with a carrying plane (in
particular, winged aircraft), designed for flight in atmosphere
and in the space. It combines the properties of an airplane and
a space vehicle; designed for multiple usage; takes off from an
airfield; accelerates to space velocity; makes flight in the
space and returns landing an airfield. The basic purpose of a
space aircraft is service of piloted orbital stations and
crew-exchange. Multiple usage of a space aircraft provides its
greater efficiency and cost effectiveness in comparison with
modern launchers. The combination of an air-jet engine (for a
flight in the atmosphere) and liquid engine (for a flight in the
space) is suggested as an engine unit. The issues of designing
space aircraft are studied and special projects are developed.
In general I find this
information excellent except data on an air-jet engine of this
aircraft, because propulsive power of a turbojet engine during
the flight in stratosphere at height of 20-25 km reduces to 3%
of propulsive power of an engine, being on the Earth, because of
decreasing of air density. The Mars’s "stratosphere" starts
directly with a surface and parameters of propulsive power will
be even worse.
I was looking for more
information and have found the following. | 
